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Cornelis Matelief de Jonge
Cornelis Matelief(f) (de Jonge) (c. 1569 – October 17, 1632), was a Dutch admiral who was active in establishing Dutch power in Southeast Asia during the beginning of the 17th century (1606). His fleet was officially on a trading mission, but its true intent was to destroy Portuguese power in the area. The fleet had 1400 men on board, including 600 soldiers. Matelieff did not succeed in this. The Dutch would ultimately gain control of Malacca more than thirty years later, again joining forces with the Sultanate of Johor, and a new ally Aceh, in 1641. He was born and died in Rotterdam.
== Account ==
Matelief was put in command of a fleet of eleven ships of the Dutch East India Company with the destination of Malacca. Malacca then was an inconvenient stronghold for non-Portuguese ships heading for the Indonesian Archipelago, China or Japan.〔Opstall, M.E. (1972) De reis van de vloot van Pieter Willemsz. Verhoeff naar Azie 1607 - 1612, p. 81.〕 The fleet set sail from Zeeland on May 12, 1605.〔The ships were ''Orange'', ''Nassau'', ''Middelburg'', ''Witte Leeuw'', ''Zwarte Leeuw'', ''Mauritius'', ''Grote Zon'', ''Amsterdam'', ''Kleine Zon'', ''Erasmus'' and ''Geunieerde Provincien''.〕 It was the third (?) such fleet from the Dutch East Indies Company to visit Malacca. Matelieff met with Steven van der Hagen on the island of Mauritius for a briefing in January 1606. As one of the first, Matelieff described the black rat, the dodo and the macaque monkey. Also his description of the vegetation of the island are most important.〔http://www.potomitan.info/dodo/c32.php〕
He reached Malacca in April 1606. In May Matelief de Jonge formed a formal pact with the ruler of Johor, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III, to expel the Portuguese. In exchange, the Dutch would get Malacca for themselves and would be able to conduct trade with Johor.〔The two treaties signed on 17 May and 23 September 1606 are reprinted and translated into English in Borschberg, ''Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade'', appendix 14, pp. 215-223.〕 The Dutch and the Malay also agreed to tolerate each other's religion.
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